Fuzzy control in manufacturing systems

XIV+119hlm.;24c

Solve scheduling problems with a fuzzy approach

Scheduling is a complex problem which occurs often in a manufacturing environment. Most of the available schedulers are based on a simulation approach using dispatching rules. These rules are often dedicated to the satisfaction of a single performance criterion, and are used whatever the characteristics of the system or the type of jobs, though scheduling is a multi-criteria problem. In this paper the scheduling problems are addressed using a non-classical approach supported by fuzzy control theory. The ability to deal with multi-variables makes fuzzy control a good alternative for the scheduling problems because it can easily make compromises among multi-criteria by properly combining elementary dispatching rules. These compromises can easily be adjusted in accordance with the objectives of the system and the characteristics of the jobs. The proposed method has been implemented and tested in a discrete event simulation environment. The results are presented in this pape

Determinants of City Growth in Brazil

In this paper, we examine the determinants of Brazilian city growth between 1970 and 2000. We consider a model of a city, which combines aspects of standard urban economics and the new economic geography literatures. For the empirical analysis, we constructed a dataset of 123 Brazilian agglomerations, and estimate aspects of the demand and supply side as well as a reduced form specification that describes city sizes and their growth. Our main findings are that increases in rural population supply, improvements in inter-regional transport connectivity and education attainment of the labor force have strong impacts on city growth. We also find that local crime and violence, measured by homicide rates impinge on growth. In contrast, a higher share of private sector industrial capital in the local economy stimulates growth. Using the residuals from the growth estimation, we also find that cities who better administer local land use and zoning laws have higher growth. Finally, our policy simulations show that diverting transport investments from large cities towards secondary cities do not provide significant gains in terms of national urban performance.

Universality Class of Thermally Diluted Ising Systems at Criticality

The universality class of thermally diluted Ising systems, in which the realization of the disposition of magnetic atoms and vacancies is taken from the local distribution of spins in the pure original Ising model at criticality, is investigated by finite size scaling techniques using the Monte Carlo method. We find that the critical temperature, the critical exponents and therefore the universality class of these thermally diluted Ising systems depart markedly from the ones of short range correlated disordered systems. Our results agree fairly well with theoretical predictions previously made by Weinrib and Halperin for systems with long range correlated disorder.Comment: 7 pages, 6 figures, RevTe

Response of an Excitatory-Inhibitory Neural Network to External Stimulation: An Application to Image Segmentation

Neural network models comprising elements which have exclusively excitatory or inhibitory synapses are capable of a wide range of dynamic behavior, including chaos. In this paper, a simple excitatory-inhibitory neural pair, which forms the building block of larger networks, is subjected to external stimulation. The response shows transition between various types of dynamics, depending upon the magnitude of the stimulus. Coupling such pairs over a local neighborhood in a two-dimensional plane, the resultant network can achieve a satisfactory segmentation of an image into ``object'' and ``background''. Results for synthetic and and ``real-life'' images are given.Comment: 8 pages, latex, 5 figure

Identification of a candidate gene for Rc-D1, a locus controlling red coleoptile colour in wheat

Red coleoptile is an easily observed agronomic trait of wheat and has been extensively studied. However, the molecular mechanism of this trait has not yet been revealed. In this study, the MYB gene TaMYB-D1 was isolated from the wheat cultivar ‘Gy115’, which possesses red coleoptiles. This gene resided at the short arm of the homoelogous group 7 chromosomes. TaMYB-D1 was the only gene expressed in the coleoptiles of ‘Gy115’ and was not expressed in ‘Opata’ and ‘CS’, which have uncoloured coleoptiles. Phylogenetic analysis placed TaMYB-D1 very close to ZmC1 and other MYB proteins regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis. The encoded protein of TaMYB-D1 had an integrated DNA binding domain of 102 amino acids and a transcription domain with 42 amino acids, similar to the structure of ZmC1. Transient expression analysis in onion epidermal cells showed that TaMYB-D1 was located at the plant nucleus, which suggested its role as a transcription factor. The expression of TaMYB-D1 was accompanied with the expression of TaDFR and anthocyanin biosynthesis in the development of the coleoptile of ‘Gy115’. Transient expression analysis showed that only TaMYB-D1 induced a few ‘Opata’ coleoptile cells to synthesize anthocyanin in light, and the gene also induced a colour change to red in many cells with the help of ZmR. All of these results suggested TaMYB-D1 as the candidate gene for the red coleoptile trait of ‘Gy115’